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To make things long and skinny, you can get a piece of clay and stretch it, and it just breaks. Sadly, it takes a bit more work than that to extend a piece of metal. Steel is not Ridiculous Putty. You use basic forces to move your metal. To make a long, skinny piece out of a brief fat piece, you squeeze the sides of the metal, and turn the work.
There are three fundamental ways to use force (again, there are more, but we're keeping it easy). Extracting. This is the basic idea behind the cube of clay. Hit the metal on 4 sides again and once again and it draws out into a longer piece. Among the quintessential applications of this is to make a nail point, where you produce a four-sided pyramid by consistently hitting and turning your work, but using the hammer to angle the tip instead of striking it flat.
Distressing. This is applying force to the end of a piece of work to "mushroom" the metal out to add volume to a piece. If you're making a piece that needs some heft on an end, like a large chisel, you use distressing. Peining. This is applying force to move the metal in a particular direction.
If you karate chop a piece of clay, it spreads out away from your hand parallel to the axis of your hand. If you take a fist and hit it, it expands in all instructions. The little ball on the back of your hammer is called a ball-pein. It's designed to move metal out in all directions.
I utilize a little ball-pein hammer for riveting through 2 pieces of metal to connect them together. The little mushroom you see on a metal rivet is the result of a ball-pein (propane forge). There are other types of peins, like a cross-pein, to spread out metal out on one axis– like karate slicing that piece of clay.
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Willow leaf: not cross-peined. Aspen leaf: cross-peined. Let's apply a few of these easy forces. Here are a couple of examples. We start with a piece of 3/8 ″ square stock. Get it hot. First, we distress using a flat hammer, a quite heavy one, 1000g, or 2.2 pounds. The bigger the hammer, the higher the force applied per hit.
Drop a 10 pound weight on a piece of clay: squish. I scale the hammer to the work size. We'll produce a nail point by drawing out. I had already put a twist in the work: ignore it for now. blacksmith kit. I operate at the edge of the anvil here, to permit me to put a great point on the work.
Alleviate the octagon and you have 16 edges. Continue, and you have a cone, but here I left edges to accentuate the twisting. It takes multiple heats in some cases, indicating you'll need to re-heat the metal in the create so you can keep shaping it. Do not hit the work when it's cold … it can develop a cold shunt that weakens the work.
That's no bueno. This is where we add volume to an end to start something like a chisel. It's a little harder because tool steel needs more heat and is harder at lower temperatures. Simply utilizing the weight of the piece works rather well. You can likewise distress at the edge of the anvil, driving metal back toward yourself.
See how it's starting to mushroom out? Peining: Here I'm spreading out the ends of a piece of stock to make a set of drawer pulls for my wife. A lot of the drape rods, drawer pulls, and candlesticks in my house were made in the shop, and she wished to have some pulls for the restroom.
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Then I roll over the edge, put a couple of bends in the work and voila, drawer pull.– The essence of blacksmithing is not so much strength as control. Yes, you need to "get it hot and hit it difficult" often, especially with bigger work, however the trick is to strike the metal where you want, as tough as you desire as properly as you want.
" Struck there, move your work." Chasing your work will lead to a messed up piece or a minimum of some cut marks, triggered by striking with the edge of a hammer and not the face. There is a Zen-like charm to having that sort of power and at the same time, that sort of control.
If your mind is jumbled, shut off the create, tidy your shop, and go back in your house. Clear mind suggests great. I can tell when I make something if I was sidetracked. It goes in the scrap container for another day. Which leads me to … There are no mistakes.
If a piece is mishandled, wait and offer it another possibility. I once made a drive hook, a mix nail and hook that log cabin residents utilized to hang up their stuff. I realized when I had completed it that the nail was dealing with the hook. Worthless, I tossed it on the ground and walked out into the cool night air.

My sensible and loving coach, Larry, walked outdoors and stood with me for a moment. "There are no errors," he stated in his beautiful Alabama drawl. We went inside, he warmed the hook with a torch and gave it a couple of twists, ending with the nail pointing in the correct direction.
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There are no errors. And there are 2nd chances, in metal and in males. P.S. A few of the pictures here show a mess. Overlook it, please. It's not constantly like that. My shop ends at the anvil. P.P.S Like I stated at the beginning, this was an extremely basic guide.
